This is a setting of Psalm 51 (music over the Psalm), written for two choirs, 4 and 5 piece. Composed and performed round 1630 in the Sistine Chapel, it was so beautiful that apparently it was decided that it should be performed only in the Sistine Chapel, and nowhere out. The piece is known by its high C, among other things.
Legend goes that when Mozart visited the Sistine Chapel with his father, upon hearing it, was able to write it down by ear. After some time, he gave it to some English publisher who published it. Mozart was not punished.
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